Oil and gas chemistry pdf notes

Chapter hydrocarbon hydrocarbons are composed of carbon. Oil has been used for lighting purposes for many thousands of years. Better chemistry flows to the oil and gas industry april. Chemistry notes download handwritten pdf chemistry notes. These fuels have energyrich chemical bonds which were created using the energy from the sun. Classical noblegas compounds and the nature of chemical bonding the seminal 1962 discoveries that noble gases are indeed reactive enough to form chemical bonds have resulted in an avalanche of novel compounds during the next 50 years. Igcse chemistry 2012 exam revision notes by samuel lees contents. Fuse school is currently running the chemistry journey project a chemistry education project by the fuse school sponsored by fuse. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals eolss.

Click on the topic of interest to go directly there, or scroll down through all of the topics. Why are hydrocarbons referred to as a good chemical feedstock. Noblegas chemistry from cryogenic to ambient temperatures 2. Wood, gasoline, coal, and any number of other fuels have energyrich chemical bonds.

The amount of oil and brine produced affects the economics of individual wells because of the cost incurred to dispose of the brine or the value added through the sale of oil. Energy storage, batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen economy. Petroleum chemistry industrial chemistry lecture notes. The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum. Molecules of the solvent pull apart the solute molecules, and distributes them within the solvent how to tell the solute from the.

The russian volume year is published in english from april. However, it is used as an important source for fuels and as a feedstock for making chemicals including polymers very large chain molecules made by joining many smaller molecules together, end to end for a wide range of consumer products. Anything that can be touched, tasted, smelled, seen or felt is made of chemicals. This is why they are a good starting point, or chemical feedstock, for making other. Nebosh international technical certificate in oil and gas operational safety this qualification is designed specifically for those with safety responsibilities in the oil and gas industry. Understand the secs reserve recognition accounting rra proposal. Smaller car engines can easily burn gas, hence gas is the main fuel for car engine and is the most demanding fuel among all the other fractions of crude oil. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Petrochemical these products are chemical products where the main feedstock is. Crude oil was formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals and therefore is called a fossil fuel.

Oil and gas accounting learning objectives after reading this chapter, you should be able to. Welcome to chemistry, the science concerned with the study of matter. Natural gas principally methane ch 4 petroleum oil mixture up to ca. Timing between the two components can take years and usually does. Petroleum engineering is the application of chemistry, physics, math, geology, and engineering principles to discover a costeffective way to identify promising areas for exploration, access this natural resource, and refine it into desirable products. The accumulation of oil and gas deposits is a series of chance events which include the presence of a source rock, the burial of the source rock, the formation of a reservoir and a trap. Historically, we know the tales of eternal fires where oil and gas seeps ignited and burned. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Chemistry of petroleum teacher sheet science netlinks. Unconventional chemistry for unconventional natural gas.

The iea examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils publishes reports on improvements in the processing of petroleum and natural gas and cracking and refining techniques for the production of highquality fuels, oils, greases, specialty fluids, additives and synthetics. We have both general chemistry notes and organic chemistry notes. Real gases differ most from an ideal gas at low temperatures and high pressures. All substances can be gases under the right conditions. Better chemistry flows to the oil and gas industry from fracking to deep sea drilling, ensuring high production and environmental protection requires a careful selection of chemicals by melody m. Chemistry notes form 1 chemistry form one pdf online. Usually made up of methane, ethane, propane and butane. However, in an underground oil reservoir the proportions of gas, liquid, and solid depend on subsurface conditions and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture. Chemistry for enhancing the production of oil and gas. Lecture notes click on the topic of interest to go directly there, or scroll down through all of the topics. Because the pressure is lower at the surface than underground, some of the gas will come out.

The principal types of gaseous fuels are oil distillation gas, reformed natural gas, and reformed propane or liquefied petroleum gas lpg. Materials used in production such as oil well and pipeline components, chemicals to aid oil recovery, filters and other aids to product purification, corrosion inhibitors etc. These three characteristics are related in mathematical equations called gas laws. Havard devold oil and gas production handbook an introduction. A bachelors degree in an area related to chemistry not only serves as an excellent way to prepare for an advanced degree in chemistry. Geochemists are intimately involved in the exploration phase. Floridan aquifer, p 3779, fetter, 2001, or water sources e. Facts on petroleum and the chemistry of petroleum format. How gas and diesel extracted from crude oil igcse and ial. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural gas. Fractions of the crude oil which have a lower boiling point turn to gas moves up, while the fraction of the crude oil having higher boiling point remains at the.

Spe member price usd 185 providing an overview of the science and technology of the use of production chemicals to enhance and maintain oil and gas production, chemistry for enhancing the production of oil and gas is geared towards a technically trained audience. Conclusion i hope my indepth about extracting gas and diesel from crude oil helped you out. Doc browns gcseigcseo level ks4 science chemistry revision notes. An oil well produces predominantly crude oil, with some natural gas dissolved in it. An overview of the evidence petroleum is a complex mixture of organic compounds, all of which provide clues to some aspect of its origin, burial in sediments and chemical modification.

Composition of natural gas and crude oil produced from 14. Exporting tight oil while importing heavy oil is very possible if permitted by u. Avogadros law relates the quantity a gas and its volume. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. However, at high temperatures and in the presence of oxygen, alkanes will undergo combustion, giving off heat in the process.

Predicting where and when all these events have occurred in the correct sequence is not easy. The most common form of oxidation is the direct reaction of a fuel with oxygen through combustion. The qualification focuses on international standards and management systems, enabling students to effectively discharge workplace safety responsibilities. Boyles, charles, and avogadros laws combine to form the ideal gas law, which is the uber law of gases.

By injecting gas into this oil, the specific gravity is lowered and the well will start to flow. You are expected to read the assignments and to be prepared in class. Their main use is as fuels for combustion or oxidation. What is the origin of coal, peat, oil, natural gas.

In order to behave as an ideal gas, gases could not have any volume and could be attracted to other gas molecules. The volume of a gas is determined by temperature and pressure. Global gas flaring has remained largely stable over the past twelve years, in the range of 150 to 170 billion cubic meters. Organization of the petroleum exporting countries opec andor its member countries concerning the. Petroleum engineering is the application of chemistry, physics, math. This is impossible, however, under certain conditions real gases can behave very similarly to an ideal gas.

The chemistry of oil explained by flood geology the. Our notes are easytofollow, handwritten chemistry pdf notes that combine your book and chemistry notes into one, simple, easytounderstand format. Oil and gas production handbook an introduction to oil and gas production format. Solid state chemistry in engineering chemistry free pdf download. Petroleum chemistry american association of petroleum. These substances are mainly compounds of only two elements. Classification on the basis of occurrence, fuels are classified as primary and. This capacity to produce heat, otherwise known as heating value, is what makes natural gas and crude oil two of the most precious. Oct 19, 2012 synthesis gas made by reforming natural gas is used to make over 45 billion kg of methanol per year and high molecular weight linear alkanes. Ideal gas law pv nrt the moles of gas is no longer a constant, and is now represented by n. Chemistry and engineering of shale gas and tight oil. Grasp the background and politics of standard setting for oil and gas accounting.

Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. How the grid works 100820 electricity markets 102920 hydrogen as a fuel shell hydrogen hydrogen storage techology. We look at how crude oil is formed and then look at hydrocarbon molecules, specifically the alkanes. Production chemistry is a discipline in the oil gas industry that deals with issues that occur as a result of the chemical and physical changes 1 in the overall oil gas production and processing systems including enhanced oil recovery, especially changes to the well stream fluids as they are transported from the reservoir to the sales point.

The chemistry of oil, therefore, holds one of the keys to understanding how petroleum originates. In general, the best gas producers are those wells that produce the least oil and brine. The key is to understand structurecompositionproperty relationships. The different fractions of crude oil are separated by the process of primary distillation. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. How to do synthesis nucleophiles and electrophiles. Chemistry and engineering of shale gas and tight oil resource. All environmental impacts relate to primary chemical production. Smart chemistry can be synonymous with costeffective solutions in the most demanding of applications and performance requirements in the oil and gas industry. Discusses theoretical and applied problems of up and down stream. Natural gas, which is predominantly methane, occurs in underground reservoirs separately or in association with crude oil. Energy storage via carbon neutral fuels notes ebook free. The crude oil mixture is composed of the following groups. The crude oil is heated and inserted into a fractionating column.

Natural gas flares in the zubair oil field in southern iraq the world bank. Hydrocarbons can be split up into small ones, built up into bigger ones, altered in shape, or modified by adding other atoms. Aries oil and gas groups oilfield production chemical industry experience allows us to provide our customers with. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Historically, we know of the tales of eternal fires where oil and gas seeps would ignite and burn.

Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its different length hydrocarbon fractions. Free energy and emf in engineering chemistry free download pdf. Due to the high heat and pressure, chemical reaction takes place forming. Synthesis gas made by reforming natural gas is used to make over 45 billion kg of methanol per year and high molecular weight linear alkanes. The american association of petroleum geologists is an international organization with over 38,000 members in 100plus countries. Applications of uv in analytical chemistry in engineering chemistry pdf free download. Primary crude oil cuts in a typical refinery include gases, lightheavy. This forms the basis of the petroleum and petrochemical industries. The whole of aqa chemistry paper 2 or c2 in only 48 minutes 91 gcse chemistry revision duration. Free radical mechanism in engineering chemistry pdf free download. Download a pdf of chemistry and engineering of shale gas and tight oil resource development by the national academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine for free. Brings timely publications on recent advances in oil and gas industry. If you want work as a consulting petroleum chemist, you will need a masters degree in chemistry. Chemistry contributes in many ways to the oil and gas industry.

The continued use of crude oil at the present rate will result in it running out in the future. Oil and gas production handbook an introduction to oil. The valve will open at a set pressure to inject lift gas into the tubing. Production chemicals for oil and gas aries production chemicals for oil and gas fields have been developed to meet our customers unique needs. It would seem that between cracking for olefin production and reforming to make synthesis gas, all of the chemistry needed to make use of natural gas is already available. Chemistry relatively, alkane chemistry is very limited.

Flaring adds about 400 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. The book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations and how the properties can be translated into predictability. In areas where oil is found in shallow reservoirs, seeps of crude oil or gas may naturally develop, and some oil could simply be collected from seepage or tar ponds. Fuel is a carbonaceous combustible substance, which on combustion liberates a large amount of energy in the form of. Nov 12, 2017 in this video, we start the topic on organic chemistry. Petroleum comes from many different substances, such as oil and natural gas, from which various products are derived, such as. This energy is captured in chemical bonds through processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Unconventional chemistry for unconventional natural gas science.

Production chemistry is a discipline in the oilgas industry that deals with issues that occur as a result of the chemical and physical changes 1 in the overall oilgas production and processing systems including enhanced oil recovery, especially changes to the well stream fluids as they are transported from the reservoir to the sales point. The ideal gas law can be manipulated to explain daltons law, partial pressure, gas density, and the mole fraction. Hydrogen and the metals form positive ions nonmetals form negative ions, and their names end in group 4 and 5 do not usually form ions because they would have to lose or gain several electrons and that takes too much energy ide group 0 elements do not form ions. The purposes of this association are to advance the science of geology. Oil and gas chemistry undergraduate degrees study here. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. Notes by pushpa iyengar, east point college of engineering, bangalore fuels the discussion relates to fossil or chemical fuels definition fuel is a carbonaceous combustible substance, which on combustion liberates a large amount of energy in the form of heat. Gas is the state of matter where the particles are widely separated and have little interaction. Chemists in the oil and petroleum industry work with crude oil and the products derived from it. Oil, useful products, environmental problems, introduction to organic chemistry. On the other hand gas contains lighter hydrocarbons compared to diesel, hence they are easier to ignite. The journal includes timely articles on the demulsification, desalting, and desulfurizing of crude oil.

The subject matter is based on lectures given and notes prepared by the. Science and maths by primrose kitten 462,147 views 48. Ial uses of crude oil notes igcse and ial chemistry. Fractions of the crude oil which have a lower boiling point turn to gas moves up, while the fraction of the crude oil having higher boiling point remains at the bottom. Fossil fuels, coal, oil, natural gas, peat, carbon.

Topic 6 national chemistry summary notes fuels fuels and. Oct 17, 20 learn the basics about the uses of crude oil fractions. Typically, gas is injected between the casing and tubing, and a release valve on a gas lift mandrel is inserted into the tubing above the packer. How gas and diesel extracted from crude oil igcse and. Floridan aquifer9 try free gwchart software10 from usgs activityactivity plots.

It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. In simplest terms, chemistry is the science of matter. We will cover most of the questions in the notes and comments sections of the casebook. Fuels and fuel chemistry a fuel is any compound that has stored energy. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products.